RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

CLASSIFICATION

The respiratory tract infections are divided according to the anatomy in 3 major categories

Upper respiratory infections

Rhinitis

Otitis

Pharyngitis or tonsillitis

Sinusitis

Respiratory Infections average

Epiglottitida

Laryngitis

Tracheiovronchitida

Bronchitis

Lower respiratory infections

Pneumonia

Pulmonary abscess

Empyema

Recital in FACTORS

The factors that cause infections (and not just the respiratory system) belonging to the following groups of microorganisms:

1. Viruses
2. Microbes
3. Fungi
4. Parasites

The last 2 categories cause infection under specific conditions (eg in immunosuppressed people, etc.)

METHOD OF TRANSMISSION

The person who suffers spread primarily by coughing and sneezing and by talking or laughing, droplets containing the pathogenic agent. The transmission is airborne (by inhaling droplets carrying the pathogenic agent) or by inoculation of the pathogen to the mucosa of the mouth, nose or eyes. This mode of transmission is limited to viral infections. On pneumonias no fear transmitting the virus, only in specific infections such as tuberculosis.

SYMPTOMS

Varies according to causative agent, the detection of infection and the status of the individual (age, existence or not of other pathological factors, etc.)


COMMON COLD

The symptoms of the common cold are known to everyone.

Initially there is a sense of dryness of the mouth and nose to follow after one or two 24/ora, and nasal obstruction, congestion of eyes, coughing and sneezing, dizziness or headache. There is usually no fever.

FLU

Fever is usually high, features absent nasal discharge, headaches, muscle aches, joint pains, chills, payment, headache, anorexia, photophobia. Usual duration is 3-4 24/ora. The flu can cause pneumonia, either primary or secondary to (from microbial contamination factor)

TRACHEIOVROGCHITIDA - Bronchitis

Payment, fever, headache, muscle aches and cough usually paroxysmal initially dry and later with productive or vlennopyodi mucous expectoration. With the cough may occur and abdominal pain.

Many times affected both the pharynx and larynx with the accompanying symptoms similar (sore throat, dyskataposia, hoarseness, etc.)

Pneumonia

It is an infection of the lung parenchyma.

Symptoms and severity depend not so much by the extent that, as the bacterial factor that has caused on the one hand and the situation of the person infected by the other.


DIAGNOSIS

More often than not need to look for the causative agent. Where necessary, especially in severe cases (pneumonia, empyema, etc.), the laboratory can help with various techniques.

Raising antibodies against specific agent (virus or microbe)

Direct identification of the organism with special stains (Microsoft)

Cultivation of various materials (sputum, blood, pleural fluid, etc.)

Imaging methods (radiography, axial)

Blood tests (white blood cell growth, increased infection indices: ESR, CRP)

THERAPY

The vast majority of infections, particularly upper and the average respiratory system caused by viruses are seasonal outbreaks (mainly in autumn and winter) and aftoiasimes.

Treatment is primarily symptomatic (symptomatic relief).

It should be noted that often the infections of viral origin epiplekontai the course of antimicrobial agents and only in this case it is necessary to use antibiotics.

PREVENTION

* Wash hands
* Avoid sites that many people encounter
* Healthy lifestyle
* Vaccines: against the influenza virus and pneumococcus, but recommended only for special populations (people with chronic respiratory or heart problems, etc.).

X-RAY IMAGES

1. THORACIC X-WOMEN 39 YEARS OF AGE

Bilateral Lung AFTER viral infection